Nvidia's DLSS, or Deep Learning Super Sampling, revolutionized PC gaming. This technology significantly boosts performance and extends the lifespan of Nvidia graphics cards, provided the game supports it – a number constantly growing.
Since its 2019 debut, DLSS has undergone substantial updates, improving functionality and differentiating RTX card generations. This guide explains DLSS, its operation, variations, and relevance, even for non-Nvidia users.
Additional contributions by Matthew S. Smith.
Understanding DLSS
DLSS (Deep Learning Super Sampling) is Nvidia's proprietary system for enhancing game performance and image quality. "Super Sampling" refers to its intelligent upscaling of games to higher resolutions with minimal performance overhead, thanks to a neural network trained on extensive gameplay data.
Initial DLSS focused on upscaling. However, it now incorporates: DLSS Ray Reconstruction (AI-enhanced lighting and shadows); DLSS Frame Generation and Multi-Frame Generation (AI-inserted frames for higher FPS); and DLAA (Deep Learning Anti-Aliasing) for superior graphics exceeding native resolution capabilities.
Super Resolution remains the most prominent feature, particularly with ray tracing. DLSS-supported games usually offer Ultra Performance, Performance, Balanced, and Quality modes. Each renders at a lower resolution (higher FPS) and upscales to native resolution using AI. For instance, in Cyberpunk 2077 at 4K with DLSS Quality, the game renders at 1440p, then upscales to 4K, resulting in significantly higher frame rates.
DLSS's neural rendering differs from older methods like checkerboard rendering. It can add detail unseen at native resolution without DLSS, preserving details lost with other upscaling techniques. However, artifacts like "bubbling" shadows or flickering lines can occur, though significantly reduced in DLSS 4.
DLSS 3 vs. DLSS 4: A Generational Leap
The RTX 50-series introduced DLSS 4, featuring a revamped AI model for superior quality and capabilities. DLSS 3 (including 3.5 with frame generation) used a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). DLSS 4 employs a Transformer model (TNN), analyzing twice the parameters for a deeper scene understanding.
This allows for superior DLSS Super Sampling and DLSS Ray Reconstruction, retaining finer details and reducing artifacts. DLSS 4's TNN also significantly improves frame generation. While DLSS 3.5 inserted one frame, DLSS 4 generates four per rendered frame (Multi-Frame Generation), potentially tripling or quadrupling frame rates.
Nvidia Reflex 2.0 minimizes input latency to maintain responsiveness. Minor ghosting behind moving objects can still occur, especially at higher frame generation settings. Nvidia recommends adjusting frame generation to match your monitor's refresh rate to avoid issues like screen tearing.
Non-RTX 50-series users can still benefit. While Multi-Frame Generation is exclusive, the TNN model's image quality improvements are available via the Nvidia app, enabling DLSS Ultra Performance and DLAA where unsupported.
The Importance of DLSS in Gaming
DLSS is transformative for PC gaming. For mid-range or lower-end Nvidia cards, it unlocks higher graphics settings and resolutions. It also extends GPU lifespan, maintaining playable frame rates by adjusting settings or performance modes. This is a significant benefit for budget-conscious gamers.
DLSS's impact extends beyond Nvidia. AMD's FSR and Intel's XeSS are competitors. While these offer upscaling and frame generation, DLSS 4 generally provides superior image quality and fewer artifacts. However, DLSS is exclusive to Nvidia cards and requires developer implementation.
Nvidia DLSS vs. AMD FSR vs. Intel XeSS
DLSS holds an advantage due to DLSS 4's image quality and low-latency multi-frame generation. While AMD FSR and Intel XeSS offer improvements, DLSS generally delivers crisper, more consistent visuals. However, DLSS's Nvidia exclusivity and reliance on developer implementation are key differences.
Conclusion
Nvidia DLSS is a game-changer, continually improving. While not flawless, its impact on gaming experience and GPU longevity is substantial. However, AMD and Intel offer competing technologies. Gamers should consider GPU price, features, and their gaming library to determine the best value.
